The Banque de France was established on January 18, 1800 by Napoleon Bonaparte as a private-sector corporation with unique public status. Headquartered in Paris, it carries out three main missions within the Eurosystem: contributing to the design of eurozone monetary policy and printing euro banknotes in large volume, participating in prudential oversight of the French financial sector and overseeing payment systems and financial market infrastructure, and providing services to the economy such as assistance to households in financial difficulty, credit ratings for non-listed businesses, credit mediation, and economic education; as of 2025 its balance sheet totaled 1.818 trillion US dollars, the fifth largest of any central bank.
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