Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1893-1972) was an Indian scientist and statistician regarded as the founder of statistical science in India. He developed the Mahalanobis distance, a widely used measure of how far a point diverges from a statistical distribution, and pioneered large-scale sample survey methods. He founded the Indian Statistical Institute in 1931 and, as a member of India's first Planning Commission, developed the input-output model behind the country's Second Five-Year Plan, which emphasized rapid industrialization. India has observed 29 June, his birthday, as National Statistics Day since 2007.
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