Economics Atlas

How Wealth Is Ordered
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Central Bank Independence

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The principle that a central bank should set monetary policy free of direct political control, on the theory that elected officials face short-term incentives to inflate the economy for electoral gain, undermining the credibility of price-stability commitments. The idea drew heavily on New Institutional Economics work on credible commitment and time-inconsistency, and shaped the design of the Bundesbank, the Federal Reserve's statutory insulation, and the European Central Bank's founding treaty.

Facts
Field
Monetary Economics, Institutional Economics 1
Proposed By
Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott 2
Origin Year
1977 2
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Critiqued Here

People's Bank of China, Institutions

Why this is disputed. As a constituent agency of China's State Council rather than a statutorily insulated body, the PBOC is a standing reference case in the comparative literature on central bank independence, cited on both sides of the debate over whether formal independence is necessary for monetary credibility.

Associated With School

Formalized through New Institutional Economics work on credible commitment and the time-inconsistency problem in monetary policy.

Sources
1. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
Palgrave Macmillancentral bank independence
1. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
Palgrave MacmillanAssociated With School: New Institutional Economics
1. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
Palgrave MacmillanAssociated With: Federal Reserve System
1. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
Palgrave MacmillanAssociated With: European Central Bank
2. Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationTime inconsistency, history
Quote, Time inconsistency, history
The first paper on this subject was published by Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott in the Journal of Political Economy in 1977, which eventually led to their winning the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2004.
View the Source
A Brief History of the People's Bank of China
People's Bank of ChinaAssociated With: People's Bank of China
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